Anbar University Journal of Languages & Literature

Abstract
The present study (AL-Azraqi's lexical efforts in his book [Akhbar Mecca]) sheds the light on a hidden aspect in his own personality, the linguistic aspect. However, Al-Azraqi was known as historian , not as a linguist(died in 247A.H).This study shows his efforts in lexical reference for huge number of nouns(proper nouns , countries and places .etc), he relies on direct hearing from scholars or reading the productions of his contemporaries as welled his personal work . He explained these words with reference to the above-mentioned ways (hearing).He made unique additions to Arabic Lexicons.

Abstract
The space technology which novelist presence reflects the modern narrative novelist. And is becoming in caressingly important the modernity technique novelist space in the historical narrative because the novel spatial temporal not in the first place ,Thus began the novel's critics to draw attention to the mechanisms of the development of the place and take it out of being a framework for the other event and the presence of personalities to interviewing these elements in the construction of the text ,Was to link time – place events , mobility and location relationship influential personalities. And novelist space includes multiple place among themselves open to each relationship and differentiated, This disparity in places associated with relationship between what is produced and cause the same time variation in relations, So space will consist of the presence of the characteristic for each place of intellectual side and the other to open relationship between disparate place. Relationship are oftendisputed parties, andhere lies the modem novelist who refuses to space and the resulting central to creating another place contrary to this central.
Such is the place of obvious importance to writer RDWA ASHUR,such as pivotal construction of the three novels under the search, The place was main reasonto continue the narrative, It was motive and cause essential industry in the events of the narrative and interaction of all its elements.

This paper is an attempt to establish the term Problematic. A group of contemporary theorists claims that Habermas invented this term in the 1960s. Arab critics used this term but differed on its translation. They mostly forgot that this term has deep roots in Arabic heritage, notably Arabic rhetoric. These reasons led together to write this paper in order to give this term its due of study and to put an end to the chaos and ambiguity which resulted from misunderstanding its meaning and mistranslating it into Arabic.

Abstract
The research aims to the statement of the phenomenon of self-alienation and the impact poets Alagherbh the grounds that alienation is the most severe types of self-alienation and how this community has dealt with this kind of alienation? What are the pictures and manifestation of this alienation as a phenomenon of humanity suffered owners disorders in their personalities through their sense that they are an anomaly; also have tried to research that shows the causes of alienation and self-motivation and what are the effects left by the same who falls under the influence and what are the ways in which he used Alagherbh to overcome this phenomenon; also tried to research that shows you that the impact of alienation negative or positive and what is its impact on the expatriate person.

The subject of this study is the critical vision of defects in literary works between criterion and interpretation. It tackles a group of works of Arabic literary criticism written between fourth into seventh century AH. These books relate the defects of literary works in order to analyze them. Works of literary criticism treated extensively the subject of good quality in authorship. This is practical point, as authenticity is a shaping force of the reader's appreciation of the text. It is also functional as a criterion of judgment for the creative readers. Authenticity is also is basis of the intentionality of any aesthetic vision. As such there is no theory of low quality in the field of literary criticism. Works of good quality became thejudicial criterion for subsequent works.

In this research, titled ( Literature and Art …View in Literary Theories ), we have dealt with this title theoretically in extensive and accurate way based on the most important ancient and modern theories of literature, and considering literature as a living substance able to growth and progress. Academics should take the responsibility of embracing this subject and deliver it to the minds of its researchers and appreciators. As being specialists in the field of language and literature, and responsible for curriculum we had composed and applied in the field of higher education and graduate studies since the last third of the nineteenth century and even now. How far did we reach in our long march? what are the developments in our field of systematic as we are dealing with living materials ,that includes its nature , growth , development and progress with the development and progress of life ?

This paper studies the subject of Estenjad ( Conjuring Up) poetry in the Arabic East – especially in Iraq, Cham country, and Egypt in both Centuries Sixth and seventh(AH.). My concern about this period was due to the wars, which happened, in the Eastern part. The Christian invasion, which came from the western part of Cham country at the end of Hijri Fifth Century, which occupied AL-Qudus. The second invasion, which came from the Eastern part represented, by the Moguli Teter invasion, which failed the Abbasside Calligraphy, and Baghdad failed in (656 H). Then, liberation wars started and the poets had their positive and important role at that period. They conjured up every honest and jealous Muslim for his religion and honor where their voices were high, which made me shed light upon this poetry.

The aim of this study is to revive the classical critical heritage in an attempt to relate it to the contemporary scene through the invocation what is so called the reconciliatory approach of Ibn Quotaiba in an attempt to apply it to the poetry of Ahmed Shawki. The study then evaluates the validity of Ibn Quotaiba's use of elucidation as the criterion of the stature of the poet.

Abstract
This paper studies the image of nature in poetry, taking for its model the poetry of Tameem B. El-Muez LeDin Allah El-Fatimi. The researcher tried to prove its existence in his volume of poetry edited by Muhammad Hussein El-Adami. The paper falls into three sections. Section one deals with the artistic representation of nature in his poetry. Section two studies silent nature-earthly and heavenly- in his poetry. Section three studies the images of animals-talking nature- in his poetry and their symbolic value. The paper ends with its main findings and views.

Abstract
Allusion invoked many speculations over the question of whether it is diversion, displacement, or parallel or dismissal or objection, etc. Actually, these concepts overlap with allusion greatly, yet it remains distinctive in its linguistic and literary purport. This paper seeks to follow these concerns with allusion in the poetry of the Iraqi poet Ahmed Mutter. Although allusion is a main style in Mutter's poetry, only few studies were written on this aspect. This paper tries first to clarify this concept and then trace it in Mutter's poetry as a stylistic strategy.

The aim of this paper is to introduce the most important envoys and emissaries financed officially by the Andulysian states to other Islamic and Non-Islamic kingdoms. These emissaries and envoys are basically political but they had a literary side. This paper studies the literature which documents these emissaries and envoys by highlighting its function in thes occasions. The poetic and prose works of these occasions had two sides: Artistic purpose employed by the ambassador to deliver his job and descriptive side used by the man of letter to document his mission.

Abstract
This paper is abstracted from my PhD. Thesis, entitled "The Help of God the Creator and King Explaining Ibn Malek's Millennium by El-Sherbini the Orator (977 AH.): A Study and an editing of the First Part."
This paper falls into two sections. The first introduce the author and the second section consists of two parts: the first gives a description of the hand written manuscripts used in this study. The second part presents an editing of the section on 'Approximation Verbs' in this book.

The Book of Tailing and Completing by Abu Hayyan El-Andulysian is one of the great, yet obscure books as it is only recently appeared in print. This paper studies some controversial issues over nouns between the Kufi and Bastah schoosl of grammar. This paper concerntrated on five constituted nouns.

Abstract
This paper covers many books on times, places, and conditions in the period it sets to investigate. But the number of the contracted and extended expressions is limited to six books. These are: Qoutrib's El-AzminahWaTalbiat el-Jahiliah by Qoutrib (D. 206 AH.), Days, Nights, and Months by El-Faraa (D. 207 AH.), A Day and Night with Language and the Irregular by Abi Omer El-Zahid (D. 345 AH.), Times and Conditions by Ibn El-Ajdabi (D. 470 AH.), The Glossary of Borrowed Words by AbiObaida El-Bakri (D. 487 AH.), and Mountains, Places, and Water by El-Zamakhshari (D. 539 AH.). It was found that these expresssions fall into three categories: the contracted, the extended, and both cases.

Abstract
This paper aims at studying the sayings of grammarians that are refused by Ibn Eyaz about Almabni of nouns and verbs supporting his refuse with cause and alternative. The paper is also aiming at investigating Ibn Eyaz's attitude of these sayings if he was true or not. He had been heresy in his views or following others. The results of the paper are as follow: Ibn Eyaz agreed on most of the issues that agreed by the school of Basris, agreed with Kufis in few issues, and disagreed with the two schools in some issues. This means that Ibn Eyaz did not adapt a new specific school.

Abstract
Ibn Mandoor included many prosodic researches in his famous Arabs Tongue. He also included good references to Rhetoric as he consulted five main dictionaries in writing his own such as 'Cultivation of El-Azhari' and "Well-wrought Dictionary of Ibn Saida", etc. He assimilated the material of these dictionaries to produce a perfect dictionary of his own.
This paper selects and arranges the terms and concepts he uniquely defines in his dictionary. It compares his definitions with those given by other dictionaries to show his ingenuity. Only very few of his definitions and concepts were later questioned but his work remains intact.

Abstract
Phonology is not only concerned with sound production. The context of such production is quite relevant to understand the semantic purport of these sounds. Thus contextual occasion in Quranic verses is crucial to achieve the desired effect in Quranic rhetoric. This paper falls into two sections: The first introduce the field of contextual occasions and the second applies the rules of this field on selected Quranic verses. The paper presents its main findings of this application in the conclusion section.

Abstract
The present study (AL-Azraqi's lexical efforts in his book [Akhbar Mecca]) sheds the light on a hidden aspect in his own personality, the linguistic aspect. However, Al-Azraqi was known as historian , not as a linguist(died in 247A.H).This study shows his efforts in lexical reference for huge number of nouns(proper nouns , countries and places .etc), he relies on direct hearing from scholars or reading the productions of his contemporaries as welled his personal work . He explained these words with reference to the above-mentioned ways (hearing).He made unique additions to Arabic Lexicons.