Anbar University Journal of Languages & Literature

The noble Prophets hadith is the source of all studies, and in all disciplines ,especially the humanities and one of the most important and wonderful of these studies is semantic studies because the noble term contains deep, varied and new meaning and connotations it contributed greatly to enriching the semantic lesson, especially after a group of evacuated scholars were exposed to it, and after a group of evacuated scholars were pleased to explain the words difficult to comprehend Also ,the different points of view that we bring to our attention have formed a rich material worthy of research and study, so the Islamic Library has influenced books, titles and names of authors that have their significance in the world of research and knowledge.

This research deals with the study of evoking the heritage character in the collection of the Saudi poet Osama Abdul Rahman, and the researcher deliberated to the historical descriptive method with the use of some other approaches whenever needed, and the researcher touched by invoking the heritage character of the most important issue in the court, which is the reality of the Arab nation ; By evoking traditional figures and trying to nod to contemporary figures that have a negative and positive impact on the reality of the Arab nation, and using objective equations to embody the contemporary reality of the nation and compare it to the glorious past

The critical reasoning in the book (Al-Muwashah, the scholars' attitudes towards poets in several types of poetry industry) by Abu Abdullah Al-Marzabani (384 AH) is a critical approach based on the explanation of a number of old critical rulings.This research shows the mention of Al-Marzipani of the positive and negative reasons for critical judgment after its issuance on Poetry of the ancients and moderns, seeking to warn the poet about this to straighten his creative work because poetry is linked to a system and rules that the poet cannot ignore or deviate from.

The topic of Sadness is connected with psychological, social and philosophical dimensions that have direct linkage with reality life and practice their effect on all people especially in the early Islamic era and Islamic era, which represented an important transitional phase in the history of mankind. As well as, determine the research sample exclusively poetry is the reason behind the researcher''s choice.The study of the sadness topic depends on combining between the descriptive, analytic and the psychological methods. The research consists of an introduction and two sections. The introduction deals with the linguistic token of sadness term, then the technical token of the Islamic philosophical and psychological prospective. The first section deals with the most important psychological incentives leading to sadness and ends with a general view of the nature of Islamic life. The second section is concerned with the study of effects of these incentives. The research concludes with the most significant results the study reaches to, then a list of reference and resources.

The novel seeks to reveal a different vision that needs a novelist blog that transforms its semantic dimension into rhetorical symbols, to produce knowledge that springs from its narrative space into a rational domain, and this is what the Algerian novelist Ahlam Mostaghanemi sought to convey the worries of the Algerian reality by opening creative narrative texts to communicate her literary aspirations, which enable her to convey her literary messages and thoughts.Therefore, the Algerian novel, which is located in the various changes and circumstances that it passed through, and the factors that contributed to the change, went so that its narrative name is related to literary media. This study is based on the of the novel by Ahlam Mostaghanemi in her novel Chaos of the Senses, to find techniques for writing the three forms of narrated for him (narrated for him the theater, narrated for him without theater, narrated for him semi-theater), which differs from the real reader who is a person dealing with narrative work Whenever he wants, and differs from the tacit reader who is a fictional being born at the moment of writing the narrative text, and we should not confuse the narrator for him is the person who directs him the narration within the text focusing on the novel Chaos of the Senses and how to use it within the text, in an attempt by the researcher to highlight The artistic value of his narrator in the modern Algerian novel.

Erotic literature is a field of creativity that is inseparable from the other elements through which the poet expresses his visions.lt is a method for expressing a need for an urgent life that has internal structural components, attachments and specialties, and has a theme that distinguishes it from the rest of the genres included within the art of literature, due to its interest in the secret intimate life. He talks about the body and the sexual act while showing its beauty or flaws. Unlike pornography, which delves into the particles of the sexual process and madness. Lt takes the form of a novel, a short story, a poem, or a memoir. We are in front of a rich test of multiple structures, connotations and themes.

A language of languages is hardly devoid of the lexical work due to its importance in collecting its words, clarifying their meanings, interpreting their vocabulary, establishing their correct structures and showing the wrong ones. The Arabic language has a long history in the field of lexicons, as it is one of the largest and oldest languages in the world. Knowing the names of things by Abu Hilal al-Askari (d. 395 AH), which is devoted to Ibn Saydah (d. 408 AH) and other glossaries in this field

This study examines inducing actions through discourse that deliver the communicative opportunity as found in the pragmatics of the commandment of Umama bint Al-Harith Al-Shaibaniyyah’s to her daughter Umm Iyas. To achieve this objective, the study investigates the sender’s (i.e. the writer of the commandment) purposes through setting out from studying the utterances and their actual communicative values, and then moving to studying the effect of communicative contexts in the production and interpretation of utterances.The study also deals with the syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic parameters and aspects that gave rise to the successful textuality and acceptability of this particular text, the discursive strategies and techniques that this text employed as to achieve its purposes, the illocutionary functions of its speech acts, the sources of its inherent illocutionary forces, the pragmatic functions that referral structures serve in the text through studying the extent to which textual cues have been ‘present’ or ‘absent’, the communicative opportunity, and the effect of discourse in this specific text.The study highlights the significance of the first-glance in the opener part of the text and its pivotal role in paving the way for fleshing out a list of orders, prohibitions, dictations, and directives in this kind of commandments. The study also shows that studying speech acts through their different contexts is a crucial key to account for the processes associated with linguistic performance.

The grammatical dispute represented a major milestone in the march of Arabic grammar, as the grammatical dispute highlighted the Arab mentality, its development and its influence with other sciences, and our research deals with the grammatical dispute in the book (Anwar al-Masabih Sharh Misbah al-Matarzi) by Ahmad bin Mahmoud bin Omar bin Qasim al-Jundi and the importance of this research stems from the fact that this The book in question is an explanation of one of the most important abbreviated books in Arabic grammar, and the author of the commentary was a scholar with many books that influenced the Arab library in general and Arabic grammar in particular.

This study seeks to show the manifestations of the ideological conflict in Wardʼs Badr Al-Salem Ajaʼib Baghdad and reads it analytically, relying on the dialectic of the relationship between the novel and ideology, and the close relationship between them, which creates a wide horizon for conflict and controversy among the narrative voices describing them as a narrative necessity, especially in the polyphonic novel. Each voice has its own ideas, visions, customs, traditions and values, which shape its consciousness and then drag it to the conflict with the different Other. Moreover, within the consciousness of every writer, there is also a mass of values, ideas and beliefs which naturally controls the writer’s consciousness if he fells or not, and then appear in one way or another in his literary work.The study is divided into two sections, which are respectively: the splitting of the self and the question of identity and the self between the fixed values and the problem of liberation. In the first one, the researcher presents some of the fictional characters who suffered from a self-cleavage, which caused an ideological conflict between its two parts like a conflict with religious, political or social backgrounds. In the second one, the researcher reveals the ideological struggle which is resulted from the collision of the self with fixed values and habits. There are fixed values which the self aims to skip, because the latter sees them as ideological obstacle prevent its liberation.

The metaphorical phenomenon is a linguistic phenomenon that is found in many languages of the world, in the past, in the present and in the future. The subject of metaphor in the Arabic sciences is still the subject of controversy and debate and discussion and debate not only among Arabic language scholars, but also including the rest of the human sciences. Perhaps the importance of that is due to the effect of this issue and its relation to the most prominent attribute that God Almighty has assigned to man, namely the tongue and the revelation. Almighty Allah says: " (1)The Compassionate (2 ) Has taught the Quran. (3) He created the human being (4) And taught him clear expression. (The Compassionate 1-4). This issue also touches the purpose and mission for its sake, man was created. It is his belief in his Lord, his attributes, his actions, and his approach to him.In addition, the motives for metaphorical study in Arabic rhetoric are religious motives, and researchers in linguistics used to take into account the religious factor, whether they knew it or not, especially in the first centuries of the advent of Islam. In this topic, the researcher sheds light on the attitude of one of the great scholars in the modern era who disagrees with the majority of the people of language and Sharia in the issue of metaphor. He is Al Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ameen Al-Shanqeeti (D: 1393 AH). The methodology of the research requires that it consists of an introduction followed by two topics. The introduction deals with the subject of metaphor, its definition in language and terminology, its conditions, its contradictions, and analogy with it. The first topic presents the pioneer's opinions in the issue of metaphor and their arguments in that, while they are stand beside or against it. The second topic is the most important in this study that presents Al Sheikh Al-Shanqeeti's attitude of metaphor in the Noble Qur’an and language and his arguments in that.

قامت فکرة البحث على دراسة الفِراسة فی الشعر العربی عمومًا والشعر العباسی خصوصًا، والتی تُعنى بمعرفة الدلائل المقصودة والمعانی المــُرادة من الاستدلال بالأمور الظاهرة على الأمور الخفیة، أی معرفة الخُلق الباطن من الخُلق الظاهر، وقد ظهرت للباحث -بعد الدراسة والتمحیص- فِراسات شعریة کثیرة، اختار منها ما یوافق عنوان البحث ومُراد الباحث من حیث الاختصار والتنبیه على ما یفید من شواهد شعریة. تم التعریف بالفِراسة وبیان مفهومها وأهمیتها فی إدراک مقاصد الشعر ودَقائِقه ، ثم جاء تقسیم البحث إلى ثلاثة مباحث، وهی:الأول: التصریح بلفظ الفِراسة.الثانی: فِراسة الجسد والأعضاء.الثالث: أنواع فِراسیة أخرى.وظهرت لنا نتائج أوضحت : أن الفِراسة الشعریة جاءت متنوعة الطرائق والسُبل، وقد أجادَ الشاعر العربی استعمال تلک التنوعات، زیادة على ذلک أن الفِراسة کانت معیارًا للتفوق والتمیّز.

The present research is an attempt to investigate dominance in male/female language in the professions of doctors and farmers in Anbar society. Male/female language, as described by many sociolinguists, refers to the superiority of males and inferiority of females. The present research aims at knowing whether there is dominance in the professions of male (doctors and farmers) language over female (doctors and farmers) language in Anbar society, and showing the role of education in increasing or decreasing dominance in male/female language. It is hypothesized that there is dominance in the language of male doctors and male farmers as compared with female doctors and female farmers. It is also hypothesized that education plays a great role in maximizing or minimizing dominance in male and female language. The data selected for this study include mixed-methods of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis. As for quantitative analysis, it is based on two questionnaires: one for males and the other for females. The sample of the present study consists of 40 participants; 20 males and 20 females. Concerning qualitative analysis, it is based on a retrospective interview of 8 questions to be answered by : 2 males and 2 females. The model of analysis is based on Lakoff (1975) and Cameron (1998 and 2008). The findings arrived at validate the two hypotheses given. At the end of this research, the most important conclusions are mentioned.

This essay critically examines the invocation of poetry as a strategy of ethical resistance against the war on Iraq in the chapbook anthology 100 Poets Against the War, which was assembled in a matter of few weeks before the war. This textual tactics figures prominently among other resistance tactics employed by the poets in the 100 poems included in this anthology. Considerable number of poems turns to the invocation of poetry, the act of poetry making, and the power of the poem as a means to initiate an inquiry into the injustice of the war and the ethical responsibility of poetry to counter this injustice. Although 100 Poets Against the War emerges with one powerful collective voice which transcends cultural and racial barriers, this thematic strand of poetry invocation to counter the war on Iraq remains quite recognizable and, in a sense, foregrounds this collective voice.

The Arab spring changed the political landscape of the Middle East. Leaders from Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen were forced out of power through unprecedented public agitations. The protracted struggle for change and power caused mass displacement of ordinary people leading to a big refugee crisis. This paper explores the media portrayal of these events and the people who were affected by the political unrest. Specifically, it focuses on narratives of two English dailies, the Washington Post and the Guardian, and uses micro- and macro-linguistic strategies to study the discursive representation of the protestors and the refugees.

ette recherche comprend une exposition de la problématique de la traduction de la polysémie dans le Coran, et la comparaison de trois traductions de trois différents traducteurs, le but de telle comparaison c'est d'arriver à comprendre au premier plan, les vraies dimensions de cette même problématique, et au deuxième plan, de choisir quelle traduction d'entre eux se considère la plus proche du texte coranique en ce qui concerne le sens. Au début, nous parlons de l'importance de la polysémie dans une langue et comment les linguistes et les spécialistes considèrent la polysémie comme nécessité linguistique parce qu'elle nous délivre de mettre un mot pour chaque sens, en tant qu'un seul mot porte de plusieurs sens unis phonétiquement, c'est pourquoi on l'appelle "Polysémie". Outre, la recherche étudie la difficulté de la traduction de la polysémie et l'importance d'obtenir un certain savoir linguistique et culturel de la langue du texte d'original pour un traducteur. Puis, nous citons de plusieurs exemples des mots polysémiques dans le noble Coran et comment les transmettent trois différents traducteurs, de l'arabe vers le français, en montrant ce qui réussit à donner un sens semblable à celui-ci dans le texte coranique. Enfin, nous essayons de trouver une solution pour éviter le piège de la "Polysémie".

War of Iraq has great consequences for US hegemony nationally and internationally. The American government adopted different methods to create false consciousness and to win the support of the public opinion before and during the war of Iraq. The power of the dominant discourses of the American political leaders have their influential part in the labels of the War on Terror. This paper shows how the political elite exploit the 11/9 attacks to create false consciousness and scare the American public . It shows how the American elite manipulate everything for their interests. They falsify truth terrifying Americans of the threat of Iraq. It also shows how these characters become victims and then turn to be victimizers. This study adopts the Marxist perspective as the theoretical approach in analyzing Thompson’s Palace of the End. Frankfurt school helps to explain how the economic power leads to have the domination of social and political issues. Concerned with the concept of false consciousness, the study presents how the political elite is able to deceive their people. Therefore, the current study finds that political elite created moral panic and used the stereotypical image of Muslim as motivations and influential tactics in order to support war’s decision. Moreover, the study concludes that the Soldiers fall victims to the deceptions of their government when they are manipulated and recruited in the army in war of Iraq. Consequently, they became victimizers when they come to Iraq.

This paper aims at exploring the theme of self-criticism in selected poems by the American poet, John Berryman. In both "Homage to Mistress Bradstreet" and "Dream Song", Berryman uses Bradstreet and Henry as a personae to construct an image of himself and his society in modern times. The purpose of Berryman's self-criticism is to expose what is wrong in himself, his faults and mistakes. What unifies these two characters and their creator is that all of them suffer a deep sense of alienation in the social and political environments they lived in. The feelings of frustration, anger, disappointment are not being properly appreciated, and the desire for change are typical of persons expressing self-criticism and using it as a tool to overcome the traumas of the past.

Negative stereotypes of Muslims have become the frequent feature of contemporary Islamophobic discourse and the icon of the "War on Terror". Perceived differences in race and religion, false depictions of Muslims and misconceptions about Islam have been recruited by mainstream discourse to create "the Muslim Other" or the Muslim enemy. "The Muslim Other", thus, has to live under the fierce measures of the "PATRIOT ACT" and the "Homeland Security State" that have created a new phase of Islamophobia in post- 9/11 world. Therefore, the first objective of this paper is to examine stereotyping Muslim identity in Akhtar's Disgraced in the light of Postcolonial Theory via the concept of the Other. It will also investigate the Western Islamophobic view of Muslims. The second objective is to investigate the Islamophobic setting created by "the Homeland Security State and the PATERIOT ACT" and supported by the "political discourse and Mass media". The significance of the study stems from the fact that it provides an investigation of the way Muslims are othered by adopting a postcolonial reading of the representation of Muslim identity in the aftermath of 9/11, thus, enriching the academia with contemporary literary studies in dramatic field. Ayad Akhtar's "Disgraced" (2012), is selected because it shows the quandaries endured by Muslims under the measures of "the Homeland Security State" and the "PATERIOT ACT" that have conceptualized Islam as a threat. The selection of Ayad Akhtar, the playwright, stems from the fact that he has experienced the dilemma of being Muslim in post- 9/11 America. The study concludes that Akhtar's "Disgraced" condemns "the Homeland Security State" and the "PATERIOT ACT" that have criminalized the Muslim Other.